Applied Behavior Analysis
The field of science from which TAGteach and other
reinforcement-based teaching and training technologies have been developed.
Behavior
Physical activity in general; or a specific movement or group of related
movements (‘a behavior’).
Conditioned Reinforcer
Any stimulus that has acquired positive reinforcing properties
through association with other reinforcers such as food, praise or
success. [The tagger is a conditioned
reinforcer -providing a positive stimulus that occurs simultaneously with a
desired act or response.]
Focus fatigue
Mental fatigue that occurs when a tag
session is too long for a particular learner.
Focus Funnel
A technique used in planning and teaching. Beginning with a broad lesson, information is
reduced into more concrete directions and then reduced again to a precise tag
point. (Also see reverse focus funnel)
Incompatible behavior
Short for differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior
(DRI). Eliminate a designated behavior by strengthening other behaviors that
are incompatible with it.
Operant Conditioning
Any procedure by which a behavior becomes more or less likely to
occur, depending on its consequences. [In TAGteach, the consequences are always
positive and desired responses become more likely to occur.]
Peer Tagging
Student-to-student tag configurations and activities.
Point of Success
A behavior to start or to repeat, for which the student is
guaranteed a tag.
Positive Reinforcement
A procedure in which a behavior is paired with a desired stimulus
or event that will increase the chance of the behavior happening again in the
future.
Reverse Focus Funnel
Deliver the least amount of information necessary for success
first (tag point). Once the behavior has been accomplished, and the learner is
more confident, additional information can be delivered. This is useful in situations where too much
information may overwhelm the learner and cause a loss of concentration.
Shaping
An operant learning procedure in which small increments of a
desired response are reinforced. By
reinforcing some small response, and then selecting stronger or longer
occurrences, one can ‘shape’ or build a more elaborate behavior.
Stimulus
Something in the environment that can be
sensed - a sound, an object, a color, etc. A discriminative stimulus is something
the learner can perceive which indicates an action to be taken (for example a
red light is a stimulus to step on the brake).
Marker
Something which "marks" or
identifies a desired action. Typically a TAGteach marker emits a brief, distinct, uniform stimulus used
to pinpoint movement as it is happening; a click from a ball point pen, a clicker, hand clap, a finger snap. Some
Smart phone applications provide appropriate marker tones.
Tag
As a verb it is the action of marking someone's correct behavior
(as in “tag for each blink”). As a noun,
it means the mark that is placed on a correct behavior (as in “You got 5 tags
today!”). (see Marker)
Tag Phrasing
The wording used for preparing and delivering tag points (see
WOOF)
Tag Point
The specific aspect of a behavior that when/as performed will
receive the audible mark (tag). (see WOOF for tag point criteria)
Tag Triangle
The three components of the TAGteach process: Identify, Mark and
Reinforce.
TAGteach
TAGteach is a protocol that promotes positive interactions for
increased productivity and success. The acronym TAG stands for Teaching with
Acoustical Guidance and refers to the audible marker, a key tool used in the
system designed to highlight success. The TAGteach protocol also includes tools
to deliver information, reduce inefficient language, assess performance, create
confidence and deliver positive reinforcement.
Tagulator
A device made from beads that slide on a string that allows the
teacher or learner to keep track of the number of tags they have earned or
given.
Three try rule
If a learner fails to perform the designated tag point three
times, the teacher creates and delivers a more achievable tag point. The three try rule is more of a guide than a
rule. Some learners want to work things out for themselves and will try several
times without getting discouraged. Others would rather take very small steps
forward and succeed nearly every time.
Value Added Tag Point
A single tag point in which more than one problem may be
resolved. [e.g., The tag point “Put keys
in pocket”, would keep the keys from being misplaced and from being locked in the car.)
WOOF
The acronym defining the four criteria for a tag point: What you want, One criterion, Observable
and definable, Five words or less
(Some technical definitions
are adapted from Learning and Behavior.
Third Edition, by Paul Chance, Ph. D.
Brooks Cole, Pub. Pacific Grove, CA.
1994)
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